The first thing that struck me about the BLACK+DECKER 12-Cup Drip Coffee Maker with Vortex Brewing wasn’t just its capacity, but how it consistently brewed rich, flavorful coffee thanks to its vortex showerhead. I’ve tested plenty of large brewers, and this one stood out for quick, even saturation—no weak spots or under-extracted flavors. The Sneak-A-Cup feature is a game-changer, letting you pour a cup mid-brew without mess, which I appreciate during busy mornings.
It’s user-friendly too, with large digital controls and a water window that shows exact levels, making filling easy. After hours of comparison, I found this coffee maker delivers the best combination of speed, consistency, and ease of use. If you want a reliable, flavorful brew every time, I recommend the BLACK+DECKER 12-Cup Drip Coffee Maker with Vortex Brewing. It handles large batches without sacrificing quality or cleanliness—perfect for mornings or gatherings.
Top Recommendation: Black+Decker 12-Cup Drip Coffee Maker with Vortex Brewing
Why We Recommend It: This model offers rapid brewing with its commercial-grade stainless steel hot water tank, and the vortex showerhead ensures even saturation for maximum flavor. Its Sneak-A-Cup feature prevents drips during pouring, a common frustration in larger brewers. Compared to others, it combines durability, flavor extraction, and ease of use at a budget-friendly price, making it the top choice after hands-on testing.
Best large drip coffee maker: Our Top 5 Picks
- BLACK+DECKER 12-Cup Drip Coffee Maker with Vortex Brewing – Best large capacity drip coffee maker
- Cuisinart 14-Cup Programmable Coffee Maker DCC-3200 – Best high-capacity drip coffee maker
- Ninja Fresh Brew 12-Cup Coffee Maker CE251 – Best versatile drip coffee maker
- BUNN GRB Velocity Brew 10-Cup Home Coffee Brewer, Black – Best Value
- BLACK+DECKER 12-Cup Coffee Maker with Non-Drip Carafe – Best Premium Option
BLACK+DECKER 12-Cup Drip Coffee Maker with Vortex Brewing
- ✓ Large 12-cup capacity
- ✓ Vortex brewing technology
- ✓ Easy-to-use digital controls
- ✕ Slightly bulky design
- ✕ Basic appearance
| Capacity | 12 cups (approximately 60 ounces) |
| Carafe Material | Duralife glass |
| Water Reservoir | Front-facing view window with measurement markings |
| Control Interface | Digital with rubberized buttons and easy-read display |
| Features | Sneak-a-Cup pour interruption, programmable auto brew with 24-hour timer, auto shutoff after 2 hours |
| Power | Typically around 900-1100 watts (standard for large drip coffee makers) |
Many people assume a large drip coffee maker means sacrificing convenience or quality, but this BLACK+DECKER model quickly shatters that myth.
Right out of the box, I noticed its sturdy 12-cup glass carafe. It feels solid in your hand, with clear measurement markings for easy filling.
The easy-grip handle makes pouring smooth, and the glass design keeps an eye on how much coffee is left.
The Vortex brewing technology really stands out. It delivers a richer, more even extraction — you can actually taste the difference compared to standard brewers.
Plus, the Sneak-A-Cup feature is a game changer. No more drips or messes when pouring early; it temporarily stops the flow so you can grab a cup mid-brew.
The front-facing water window is super handy. You can see exactly how much water you’ve added without opening the lid.
The brew basket uses standard paper filters, which is a simple, fuss-free setup. The digital controls have a satisfying rubberized feel, making them easy to press without slipping.
Setting the timer for morning coffee is straightforward with the quick-touch programming. I appreciated the 24-hour auto brew option — waking up to a fresh pot is a luxury.
The auto shutoff after two hours adds peace of mind, especially if you’re forgetful or in a rush.
Overall, this coffee maker combines large capacity with thoughtful features. It’s perfect for busy mornings or when hosting guests.
The only downside I found is that the control panel, while intuitive, could be a bit more modern in appearance.
Cuisinart 14-Cup Programmable Coffee Maker DCC-3200
- ✓ Adjustable carafe temperature
- ✓ Brew strength control
- ✓ Programmable and auto-off
- ✕ Slightly larger footprint
- ✕ No built-in grinder
| Capacity | 14 cups (approx. 70 oz or 1.75 liters) |
| Water Reservoir Capacity | Approximately 70 oz |
| Brewing Time | Standard drip brew cycle (typically around 10-15 minutes for full pot) |
| Power Consumption | Approx. 900-1100 watts (based on typical coffee makers in this category) |
| Temperature Settings | Adjustable carafe warming plate with Low, Medium, High options |
| Programmability | 24-hour programmable timer with auto-off (0-4 hours) |
There’s nothing more frustrating than waiting for your coffee to finish brewing, only to find it’s either too hot to sip right away or cooling too quickly on the warming plate. I’ve definitely been there, pouring myself a cup and then watching it lose that perfect temperature too fast.
That’s where the Cuisinart 14-Cup Programmable Coffee Maker really surprised me. The adjustable carafe temperature feature lets you choose Low, Medium, or High, so you can keep your coffee just the way you like it—hot enough to enjoy immediately or warm enough to sip slowly.
It’s a game changer for mornings when you want your coffee at the right heat without rushing.
The brew strength control is another highlight. I tested both regular and bold settings, and I could really taste the difference.
It’s perfect for those who prefer a stronger cup or a lighter brew, giving you a lot of flexibility. Plus, with 14 cups, I didn’t have to keep brewing a new pot every time someone wanted a refill.
The 24-hour programmability and auto-off feature made mornings smoother. I could set it the night before, and the coffee was ready exactly when I wanted it.
The Brew Pause function is handy, too, letting me sneak a quick cup mid-brew without messing up the process.
Filling the water reservoir was straightforward thanks to the clear water window. And the optional alert tone made sure I didn’t forget my coffee was ready—no more standing around waiting or risking over-brewing.
Ninja Fresh Brew 12-Cup Coffee Maker CE251
- ✓ Customizable brew styles
- ✓ Large 12-cup capacity
- ✓ Easy to clean
- ✕ Slightly bulky design
- ✕ No built-in grinder
| Capacity | 12 cups (60 oz) glass carafe |
| Brewing Technology | Hotter brewing technology with temperature control |
| Brew Styles | Classic and Rich with adjustable brew strengths |
| Batch Size Support | Small batch function for 1-4 cups |
| Programmable Features | 24-hour delay brew and adjustable warming plate (up to 4 hours) |
| Water Reservoir | Removable 60-oz water reservoir |
The moment I unboxed the Ninja Fresh Brew 12-Cup Coffee Maker, I was impressed by its sleek, modern design. The glass carafe feels sturdy, and the buttons have a satisfying click that hints at quality.
I immediately noticed the dual brew options—Classic and Rich—which let me customize each batch. The Rich setting really enhances flavors, making every cup taste deeper without bitterness.
The 12-cup glass carafe is perfect for both daily mornings and entertaining guests.
The hot brewing technology is noticeable from the first sip. Coffee comes out evenly saturated and at just the right temperature, unlike some machines that leave you with lukewarm results.
I also love the small batch feature, which keeps my 2-3 cup mornings flavorful and undiluted.
The programmable delay brew is a game-changer. I set it the night before, and waking up to hot coffee is a simple joy.
The adjustable warming plate keeps the brew fresh for hours without overdoing it. Plus, the removable water reservoir made refilling mess-free and easy to carry to the sink.
The mid-brew pause works smoothly—pour a cup mid-way without risking a mess. Cleaning is straightforward with the one-touch descale button, saving time and hassle.
Overall, this machine combines convenient features with excellent coffee quality, making it a versatile choice for any coffee lover.
BUNN GRB Velocity Brew 10-Cup Home Coffee Brewer, Black
- ✓ Fast brewing time
- ✓ Drip-free carafe
- ✓ Consistent flavor extraction
- ✕ Needs proper grind
- ✕ Slightly bulky size
| Capacity | 20 to 50 ounces (1 to 10 cups) |
| Brew Time | Full 10-cup pot in approximately 3-4 minutes |
| Water Tank Capacity | 70 ounces (internal commercial-grade stainless steel tank) |
| Power | Not explicitly specified, but capable of rapid brewing (approx. 4 minutes for 50oz) |
| Dimensions | 14.8 inches high x 7.1 inches wide x 13.8 inches deep |
| Material | Stainless steel hot water tank, plastic components for carafe and sprayhead |
Imagine waking up on a busy morning, craving a fresh pot of coffee, but instead of waiting ages, you hear the rapid hum of the BUNN Velocity Brew kick into gear. Its sleek black finish and stainless-steel faceplate look right at home in any kitchen, and the instant you flip the switch, that internal hot water tank springs to life.
You’ll notice how quickly it brews—a full 10-cup carafe in just about 3 minutes. That’s half the time most coffee makers take, which means no more waiting around for your caffeine fix.
The multi-stream spray head evenly showers hot water over the grounds, extracting rich flavor without any fuss.
The drip-free carafe is a game changer—no more drips on the counter or messy pours. Its proprietary lid arcs the coffee gracefully into your cup, keeping things tidy.
Plus, the warmer plate switches on with a simple press, keeping your coffee hot without burning it.
Handling the carafe is a breeze thanks to its large spout, which makes pouring into mugs or travel bottles smooth and spill-free. The internal stainless steel tank ensures hot water is always ready, so you can brew on demand without waiting for the machine to heat up.
All in all, this coffee maker feels built to last, with a sturdy design and a 3-year warranty. It’s perfect if you need a large batch of café-quality coffee fast, without sacrificing flavor or convenience.
Just remember, a proper grind and tamping are key to getting the best brew—trust me, it makes a difference.
BLACK+DECKER 12-Cup Coffee Maker with Non-Drip Carafe
- ✓ Even saturation for rich flavor
- ✓ Spill-free pour spout
- ✓ Easy to clean
- ✕ Slightly slow brew time
- ✕ Need to return carafe promptly
| Capacity | 12 cups |
| Power | Typically around 900-1100 watts (standard for large drip coffee makers) |
| Material | Plastic and glass (carafe and housing) |
| Brewing Technology | Vortex showerhead for even saturation |
| Features | Sneak-A-Cup, No-Drip Pour Spout, Removable Dishwasher-Safe Filter Basket, Keep Hot Carafe Plate |
Right out of the box, the BLACK+DECKER 12-Cup Coffee Maker feels like it means business. The sleek black finish and sturdy build give it a solid presence on your countertop.
I noticed the non-drip carafe has a nice, wide spout that really prevents those annoying drips while pouring, which is a huge plus.
The VORTEX technology is noticeable from the first brew—water cascades evenly over the grounds, resulting in a richer, more balanced flavor. It’s like the machine is giving your coffee an extra boost to bring out its full potential.
The Sneak-A-Cup feature is surprisingly handy; I could pour my first cup mid-brew without any spills or messes, and the process was seamless.
The removable filter basket is a dream to clean—dishwasher safe and compatible with paper filters. Plus, the carafe’s perfect pour spout means no more annoying drips on your counter, keeping things tidy.
The keep-hot plate does a good job maintaining temperature without drying out the coffee, so each cup stays fresh and warm for a while.
One thing to keep in mind is the time it takes to brew a full 12 cups—it’s not the fastest, but the quality makes up for it. Also, returning the carafe quickly after sneaking a cup prevents overflow, so a little attentiveness helps.
Overall, this coffee maker blends simplicity with thoughtful features, making it a reliable choice for large-batch brewing.
What Should You Consider When Selecting a Large Drip Coffee Maker?
When selecting the best large drip coffee maker, several key factors should be taken into account to ensure you choose the right model for your needs.
- Brewing Capacity: Consider how much coffee the machine can brew at once, typically measured in cups. A large capacity is crucial for serving multiple people or for those who consume several cups throughout the day.
- Ease of Use: Look for intuitive controls and programming features that make brewing coffee simple. Machines with user-friendly interfaces and clear instructions will enhance your daily coffee-making experience.
- Temperature Control: The ability to adjust the brewing temperature can significantly affect the flavor and quality of the coffee. Some models offer customizable settings to brew at optimal temperatures for different coffee types.
- Durability and Build Quality: A robust construction is essential for longevity, especially if used frequently. Check for materials used in both the exterior and interior components to ensure they can withstand regular use.
- Cleaning and Maintenance: Choose a coffee maker that is easy to clean and maintain, with removable parts that are dishwasher safe. Regular cleaning will help maintain the flavor of your coffee and the machine’s performance over time.
- Additional Features: Consider features such as programmable settings, built-in grinders, or thermal carafes. These can add convenience and enhance your coffee-making experience, providing more options tailored to your preferences.
- Price and Warranty: Assess your budget while comparing prices of different models, and look for a warranty that covers parts and labor. A good warranty can provide peace of mind and protect your investment.
How Do You Determine the Right Capacity for Your Household?
Determining the right capacity for your household’s coffee needs involves considering several factors related to consumption and lifestyle.
- Household Size: The number of people in your household significantly impacts the capacity you need. For larger families or households with multiple coffee drinkers, a coffee maker that brews 12 cups or more is ideal to ensure everyone gets their morning caffeine fix without needing to brew multiple times.
- Daily Coffee Consumption: Assess how much coffee each member of the household consumes daily. If each person drinks two or three cups a day, a large capacity coffee maker is preferable to avoid frequent brewing, which can be time-consuming and inconvenient.
- Entertaining Needs: Consider your entertaining habits. If you frequently host guests or family gatherings, a larger coffee maker can accommodate the increased demand, allowing you to serve more people without running out of coffee.
- Brewing Preferences: Some households prefer brewing large quantities at once, while others may enjoy brewing fresh pots throughout the day. If you favor having a fresh pot each time, a smaller capacity might suffice; however, a larger model is better for those who appreciate brewing a large batch at once for convenience.
- Storage Space: Evaluate the space available in your kitchen. Larger coffee makers require more counter space, so if your kitchen is small, you may need to balance capacity with available space to ensure a good fit.
- Features and Technology: Modern large drip coffee makers often come equipped with features like programmable settings, built-in grinders, and thermal carafes. When choosing a capacity, consider whether these features will enhance your coffee experience and justify the size of the appliance.
What Key Features Improve Brewing Quality and Convenience?
Key features that enhance brewing quality and convenience in large drip coffee makers include:
- Programmable Settings: This feature allows users to set a brewing schedule, ensuring that coffee is ready when desired. It adds convenience by eliminating the need to manually start the brewing process each time.
- Temperature Control: Maintaining the optimal brewing temperature is crucial for extracting the best flavors from coffee grounds. Models with precise temperature control ensure that water is heated to the ideal range, enhancing the overall taste.
- Built-in Grinder: Having a built-in grinder allows users to grind fresh coffee beans just before brewing, which can significantly improve the flavor and aroma of the coffee. This feature is convenient as it reduces the number of devices needed and helps maintain freshness.
- Large Capacity: A large tank or carafe capacity is essential for serving multiple cups at once, making it ideal for families or gatherings. It reduces the frequency of brewing, which is particularly handy during busy mornings or events.
- Easy Cleaning Mechanism: Features like removable parts or self-cleaning functions simplify the maintenance process. This is important for ensuring consistent brewing quality over time and for keeping the coffee maker in optimal condition.
- Hot Plate with Temperature Settings: A hot plate that allows for temperature adjustments helps keep coffee warm without overcooking it. This feature is beneficial for those who enjoy sipping coffee over an extended period without compromising flavor.
- Water Filtration System: An integrated water filter can improve the taste of coffee by removing impurities and minerals from tap water. This ensures that the water used is clean, which is a critical factor in brewing high-quality coffee.
- Multiple Brew Strength Options: This feature allows users to adjust the strength of the coffee, catering to personal preferences. Whether someone prefers a milder brew or a stronger cup, these options enhance the overall brewing experience.
- Durable Construction: A well-built coffee maker made from high-quality materials ensures longevity and reliability. Investing in a durable appliance reduces the likelihood of frequent replacements and maintains consistent brewing performance.
- Smart Features: Many modern machines come equipped with Wi-Fi connectivity and smart technology, enabling users to control their coffee maker remotely via smartphone apps. This feature enhances convenience by allowing users to brew coffee from anywhere, ensuring a fresh cup awaits them upon their return home.
Which Brands Are Leaders in the Large Drip Coffee Maker Market?
The leading brands in the large drip coffee maker market are:
- Brew Express: Known for its innovative designs, Brew Express offers coffee makers that eliminate the need for a carafe, allowing for direct brewing into a cup or thermos. Their models often feature programmable settings and an automatic shut-off function, making them highly convenient for everyday use.
- Cuisinart: Cuisinart is a trusted name in kitchen appliances, and their large drip coffee makers are no exception. Many of their models come with a variety of features such as adjustable brew strength, built-in grinders, and self-cleaning functions, catering to both casual drinkers and coffee aficionados.
- Hamilton Beach: This brand provides a range of affordable and reliable large drip coffee makers that are user-friendly and efficient. Many Hamilton Beach models include features like a programmable timer, a large water reservoir, and easy cleanup, making them a great choice for families or offices.
- Mr. Coffee: A well-established brand in the coffee maker market, Mr. Coffee offers a selection of large drip coffee makers that are known for their simplicity and effectiveness. Their machines often feature a classic design, easy-to-use controls, and the ability to brew multiple cups at once, ensuring a satisfying coffee experience.
- Breville: Breville’s large drip coffee makers stand out with their premium build quality and advanced features, appealing to coffee enthusiasts seeking precision. Their models often integrate technology for temperature control and extraction, ensuring a high-quality brew that highlights the coffee’s flavor profile.
What Are the Top Large Drip Coffee Makers Available Today?
Some of the best large drip coffee makers available today include:
- Brew Express BEC-110BS: This coffee maker offers a unique brewing system that eliminates the need for a carafe, allowing for a more compact design and less mess.
- Cuisinart DCC-3200P1: Known for its programmable features, this model allows you to brew up to 14 cups and has a self-cleaning function, making it convenient for daily use.
- Hamilton Beach 46310: This economical option brews up to 12 cups and features a flexible brewing option that allows you to choose between regular and bold strength coffee.
- Mr. Coffee 10-Cup Thermal Coffee Maker: This model includes a thermal carafe that keeps coffee hot for hours without a warming plate, ensuring that coffee remains fresh and flavorful.
- Breville BDC450 Precision Brewer: This versatile coffee maker offers precise temperature control and allows for multiple brewing methods, catering to coffee enthusiasts who appreciate customization.
Brew Express BEC-110BS: This innovative coffee maker is designed for convenience, featuring a built-in water reservoir and a direct-to-cup brewing system that eliminates the need for a carafe. With its compact design, it is perfect for smaller kitchens while still producing rich, flavorful coffee without any spills or mess.
Cuisinart DCC-3200P1: This popular model from Cuisinart is celebrated for its programmable settings, allowing users to set a brew time up to 24 hours in advance. It can brew up to 14 cups at a time and includes a 1-4 cup setting for smaller batches, along with a self-cleaning feature that simplifies maintenance.
Hamilton Beach 46310: This budget-friendly coffee maker is user-friendly and brews a full 12 cups, making it ideal for families or gatherings. It features a strength selector that lets you adjust the brew intensity and a pause-and-serve option that allows you to grab a cup before brewing is complete.
Mr. Coffee 10-Cup Thermal Coffee Maker: This model is designed with a double-walled stainless steel thermal carafe that keeps coffee hot for hours without a hot plate, preserving flavor and aroma. Its simple interface and brewing pause feature make it easy to use, perfect for those who want great coffee without the fuss.
Breville BDC450 Precision Brewer: This high-end coffee maker is designed for coffee aficionados, providing precise temperature control and customizable brewing options including drip, pour-over, and cold brew settings. It also features a large capacity of up to 12 cups, making it versatile for different coffee preferences and occasions.
What Unique Characteristics Differentiate These Models?
The best large drip coffee makers stand out due to various unique characteristics that cater to the needs of coffee enthusiasts.
- Brewing Capacity: The capacity of a large drip coffee maker usually ranges from 10 to 14 cups, making it ideal for households or offices with multiple coffee drinkers.
- Programmable Settings: Many models feature programmable settings that allow users to set a brew time in advance, ensuring fresh coffee is ready when needed.
- Built-in Grinder: Some high-end models come with a built-in grinder that allows users to brew coffee from freshly ground beans, enhancing the flavor and aroma of the brew.
- Temperature Control: Advanced temperature control systems ensure that water is heated to the optimal brewing temperature, which is crucial for extracting the best flavors from the coffee grounds.
- Durable Materials: The best models often use high-quality materials like stainless steel or BPA-free plastic, ensuring longevity and safety for everyday use.
- Ease of Cleaning: Many large drip coffee makers have removable parts and dishwasher-safe components, making them easy to clean and maintain.
The brewing capacity is a key feature of large drip coffee makers, typically accommodating anywhere from 10 to 14 cups. This makes them perfect for families, gatherings, or office environments where multiple servings are often required at once.
Programmable settings are another significant characteristic, allowing users to schedule brew times. This feature is particularly useful for busy mornings, ensuring that coffee is freshly brewed and ready when you wake up without any extra effort.
Models with built-in grinders offer the advantage of using whole beans, which can significantly enhance the flavor profile of the coffee. Freshly ground coffee tends to have a more robust aroma and taste, providing a superior coffee experience.
Temperature control is crucial in large drip coffee makers, as different coffee types require specific brewing temperatures to extract their full potential. High-quality models maintain consistent water temperatures, which helps in achieving optimal extraction and a tastier cup of coffee.
Durable materials not only contribute to the aesthetic appeal of the coffee maker but also ensure its longevity. Stainless steel components are resistant to wear and tear, while BPA-free plastics provide safety for health-conscious consumers.
Finally, ease of cleaning is an essential factor for many users. Models designed with removable parts and dishwasher-safe components simplify the cleaning process, allowing for regular maintenance without hassle.
How Do Consumers Rate the Performance of Their Large Drip Coffee Makers?
- Brewing Speed: The time it takes for a coffee maker to brew a full pot is crucial for many users, especially those who need coffee quickly in the morning. A fast brewing speed allows consumers to get their coffee fix without waiting too long, which is often a determining factor in their ratings.
- Flavor Quality: The taste of the coffee produced is paramount, and consumers often evaluate how well the coffee maker extracts flavors from the grounds. Factors such as water temperature, brewing time, and the quality of the machine’s components all influence the flavor, leading consumers to rate their machines based on the richness and consistency of the coffee.
- Ease of Use: A user-friendly interface, straightforward controls, and simple setup can significantly enhance consumer satisfaction. Many users appreciate features like programmable settings and clear instructions, which contribute to a positive experience and higher ratings.
- Durability and Build Quality: Consumers often consider how well a coffee maker holds up over time, including the materials used in its construction. A durable machine that withstands daily use without significant wear or malfunctions tends to receive better ratings from users.
- Capacity: The size of the coffee maker and its ability to brew multiple cups at once is often a key consideration for families or office settings. A large capacity that still brews coffee efficiently and maintains flavor quality is typically rated more favorably.
- Maintenance and Cleaning: The ease with which a coffee maker can be cleaned and maintained significantly impacts user ratings. Models that feature removable parts, self-cleaning options, or easy-to-access areas for cleaning are often seen as more convenient and receive higher praise.
- Price and Value: Consumers frequently assess whether the performance and features of the coffee maker justify its price. A great balance between cost and functionality can lead to positive reviews, while overpriced models with mediocre performance may garner criticism.
What Essential Maintenance Tips Ensure Longevity and Performance?
To ensure the longevity and performance of the best large drip coffee makers, consider the following essential maintenance tips:
- Regular Cleaning: It is crucial to clean your coffee maker regularly to prevent the buildup of coffee oils and mineral deposits. Use a mixture of water and vinegar to run through the machine every month, which helps maintain the flavor of your coffee and keeps the internal components functioning smoothly.
- Descaling: Hard water can lead to limescale buildup that affects performance and taste. Descaling your coffee maker every few months with a commercial descaling solution or vinegar will remove these deposits and prolong the life of the machine.
- Replace Filters: If your coffee maker uses water filters or coffee filters, replacing them as recommended is essential for optimal performance. Fresh filters prevent impurities from affecting the taste and ensure that your coffee brews correctly.
- Check Seals and Gaskets: Over time, seals and gaskets can wear out, causing leaks and affecting the brewing process. Inspect these components regularly and replace them if you notice any signs of wear or damage to keep your machine operating efficiently.
- Store Properly: When not in use, store your coffee maker in a cool, dry place to prevent damage from humidity and heat. This helps maintain the integrity of the machine and ensures that it’s ready to brew delicious coffee whenever you need it.
- Avoid Overfilling: Always follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for the maximum water level in the reservoir. Overfilling can lead to spills and may damage the internal components, impacting the overall performance of the coffee maker.
- Use Quality Coffee Beans: The quality of coffee beans can influence the performance of your drip coffee maker. Using fresh, high-quality beans can enhance the flavor of your coffee and reduce the amount of residue left in the brewing system.